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conceptual blending
Conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. According to this theory, elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process, which is assumed to be ubiquitous to everyday thought and language.
==History of the development Conceptual Blending==
The development of this theory began in 1993 and a representative early formulation is found in the online article (Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression ). Turner and Fauconnier cite Arthur Koestler´s 1964 book ''The Act of Creation'' as an early forerunner of conceptual blending: Koestler had identified a common pattern in creative achievements in the arts, sciences and humor that he had termed "bisociation of matrices."〔Mark Turner, Gilles Fauconnier: The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books 2002, p. 37〕 A newer version of blending theory, with somewhat different terminology, was presented in Turner and Fauconnier's 2008 book, ''The Way We Think''.〔.〕 Conceptual blending, in the Fauconnier and Turner formulation, is one of the theoretical tools used in George Lakoff and Rafael Núñez's ''Where Mathematics Comes From''; on page 48 of this work, the authors assert that "understanding mathematics requires the mastering of extensive networks of metaphorical blends."
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